Graphs

How to read the SPL graph, including frequency response, EQ, cutoff annotations, baffle-step markers, and port resonance markers.

How the Max SPL graph combines thermal and mechanical limits into maximum output over frequency.

How to read the impedance magnitude graph and use it to understand amplifier load and enclosure resonance.

How to read cone excursion in millimeters with Xmax, Xmech, and Xdamage references.

How to read front and rear port air velocity, warning thresholds, and ported-enclosure applicability.

How to read passive radiator excursion and PR Xmax reference lines.

How group delay is displayed in milliseconds and why it is useful for comparing low-frequency alignments.

How to read acoustic phase in degrees and use it alongside group delay and crossover work.

How transfer function magnitude normalizes SPL to a passband reference to expose enclosure shape.

How apparent power, current draw, and input-power reference lines describe amplifier demand.