# Controls and fields

> A field guide to enclosure size, port tuning, power, wiring, filters and environment in 00 Simulator.

Source: https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/reference/controls

Select an enclosure to edit its driver, box, power, filters and environment. These settings belong to that design, so check them before comparing curves from different enclosures.

## Enclosure configuration

| Field | What it changes | Watch for |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Type** | The acoustic arrangement: sealed, vented, passive radiator, bandpass or horn. | Changing the type changes which chamber and port fields are available. [Compare the types](https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/start/enclosure-types). |
| **Volume** | The chamber volume, 0.01–100,000 L. | Net air space, not the outside dimensions of the cabinet. Port volume is handled separately. |
| **Tuning** | The target resonance of a ported chamber, 15–1,200 Hz. | Typing a tuning holds that frequency and recalculates the port length as geometry changes. |
| **Port length** | The physical length of the duct. | Typing a length holds that length and recalculates tuning as geometry changes. |
| **Shape** | Round, slot or a custom cross-sectional area. | Use the actual opening area, especially for a slot. |
| **Number of ports** | How many identical ports share the air flow. | More total area usually needs longer ports to keep the tuning. |
| **End correction** | The allowance for moving air beyond the physical ends. | Choose the termination that matches the build. See [Ports and end correction](https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/boxes/ports). |
| **Port model** | A lumped resonance or a distributed duct model. | The distributed model includes the duct’s changing response along its length. See [Ports and end correction](https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/boxes/ports). |

**Box volume adjustments** contains **Driver displacement** and **Bracing / other**. Enter the space occupied inside the cabinet, then check **Results** for the resulting volumes. A bandpass box has separate chambers; check which chamber a field belongs to.

A sealed box also lets you work from the target system resonance or Q. A passive radiator uses **Added mass (tuning)**, **Passive radiator** and **Number of PRs**. Horn geometry lives in the [Horn Editor](https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/reference/tiles/horn-editor).

## Input power

| Field | Meaning |
| --- | --- |
| **Power › Input power** | Sets the drive for this enclosure. For an array in one box it is the total power shared by the drivers. Multiple-entry horns have a power setting per driver entry. |
| **Load voltage** | The voltage corresponding to the power setting and the effective DC resistance of the wired driver load: V = √(P × R). |
| **Series resistance** | Resistance between amplifier and driver, such as cable and amplifier output resistance. It changes level and electrical damping. |
| **Series capacitor** | A physical capacitor in series with the driver load. Its **Capacitance** and **ESR** interact with the driver’s impedance. |
| **Wiring** | The series/parallel arrangement of multiple drivers. Dual voice-coil drivers also have a coil-wiring choice. Check the load before choosing an amplifier. |

> **Watts are a drive setting** The model converts the setting to voltage. Actual current and real input power then vary with impedance across frequency. Use [Amplifier Load](https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/reference/tiles/amplifier-load) to inspect that load. Raising the drive raises SPL and excursion; it does not raise the speaker’s [Max SPL](https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/reference/tiles/max-spl) limit.

## Radiation space and distance

Open **Environment** to set **Radiation space** and **Listening distance**. The space is an idealised boundary condition, not a room simulation.

| Setting | Geometry | Displayed offset from full space |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Full space** | No nearby large boundary | 0 dB |
| **Half space** | One boundary, such as the floor | +6 dB |
| **Quarter space** | Two boundaries, such as floor and one wall | +12 dB |
| **Eighth space** | Three boundaries, such as floor and two walls | +18 dB |

**Listening distance** applies free-field distance attenuation to the sound level. It does not reduce how far the cone moves or how fast the port air moves. A real room adds reflections, cancellations and modes that these controls do not predict.

> **Horn loading also changes** For horns, radiation space is part of the mouth load. Changing it can alter the response shape as well as the level. Recheck the horn’s curves instead of assuming a fixed gain everywhere.

## Filters and baffle

- [EQ and filters](https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/guides/eq-and-filters): Set the operating band and protect the driver with the filters you intend to use.
- [EQ Editor](https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/reference/tiles/eq-editor): Edit filter settings on their response curve.
- [Baffle Layout and baffle step](https://simulator.00aud.io/docs/reference/tiles/baffle-layout): Place the driver on the baffle and model the broad response change caused by the cabinet’s front face.